Everything about Al-hirah totally explained
Al Hīra (
Arabic,
الحيرة) was an ancient city located south of
al-Kufah in south-central
Iraq. It was a significant city in
pre-Islamic Arab history. Originally a military encampment, in the 5th and 6th centuries CE it became the capital of the
Lakhmids.
The Arabs were migrating into the
Near East from the 9th century
BCE. In the 3rd century CE parts of southern
Mesopotamia had a substantial Arab population. Under the
Sasanid Empire, southern Mesopotamia was sometimes called
Arabistan. The first historical Arab kingdom outside
Arabia, Hīra (4th-7th centuries), in southern Iraq, was a vassal of the
Sassanians, whom it helped in containing the nomadic Arabs to the south. The rulers of Hīra, identified as
Lakhmids, were recognized by
Shapur II (
337-
358 CE).
Hīra was either Christian or strongly influenced by
Christianity. The
Sassanian Emperor
Bahram V won the throne with support of
Mundhir, Lakhmid Prince of Hīra, in
420.
In
542,
Khosrau I of
Persia stopped the
Byzantine general
Belisarius at
Callinicum, south of
Edessa (southeastern
Turkey), with the help of al Hīra. In
602,
Khosrau II deposed
Numan III of al Hīra and annexed his kingdom. Islam overran the Sasanid Empire in the 7th century.
There is evidence for a parallel Arab kingdom in today's
Syria, called
Ghassan and founded under Byzantine auspices. Around
527, al Hīra and the
Ghassanids engaged in a proxy war for their respective imperial suzerains. Some claim that the first Arabic kingdom was founded in
Hatra, in northern Iraq.
Following the
Siege of Hira, the city was captured by Muslim army of
Rashidun Caliphate under the command of
Khalid ibn Walid in
May 633 A.D.
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